How to reduce exhaust emissions
Various ways and efforts made to reduce the levels of toxic exhaust gases generated by machines such as motor vehicle fuel use lead-free, the use of a catalyst in the exhaust, etc..
As machine 2 steps that must be replaced by a 4 stroke engine, manual carburizing system will eventually be replaced by digital carburizing system.
Electronic fuel injection system (digital carburizing) was applied on motorcycle engines, slowly but surely going to replace the old system that had survived the carburetor (carburizing manual).
Because the motorcycle engine is a combination of chemical and physical reactions to generate power, then we are back to the basic theory of chemistry that fuel combustion reaction with O2 is perfect:
Part 14,7:1 = 14.7 O2 (oxygen) to 1 part fuel
Theory based on the density ratio of the elements, in practice, the above ratio (AFR - Air Fuel Ratio) modified to produce more power or an economical fuel consumption.
Carburetor also has the same goal of achieving conditions suitable comparison of chemical theory above but done manually. Carburetor likely set for average conditions where motorcycles are used so the results tend towards the fuel mixture more than the needs of the real machine.
For EFI as digital set then no change in the condition of the use of any motorcycle ECU will arrange for AFR ideal conditions can still be achieved.
For example: In the system there are differences in power if the carburetor motorcycle used during the day than the night, it is because the density of oxygen in the same volume of different, short amount of O2 remained unchanged pasokkan fuel (jet size does not change).
This does not happen on EFI system because of the air temperature sensor (Inlet Air Temperature) then the current density of O2 changing conditions, the fuel supply was adjusted (injector open time plus or minus). So who uses EFI motorcycles used day or night at an optimum or power remains the same.
The main difference compared Carburetor EFI is:
Carburetor EFI
Fuel is inhaled by the engine fuel injected / sprayed into the engine
Separately fused ignition Ignition System
Basic components of EFI
Each type or model of motorcycle have each design, but an outline contained the following components.
ECU - Electrical Control Unit
Central data processing machine usage conditions, to enter / input from the sensors to process then gives the output / output for the current and the amount of injection, ignition time.
Fuel Pump
Generates ready fuel pressure injected.
Pressure Regulator
Set the fuel pressure conditions always remain (55 ~ 60psi).
Temperature Sensor
Provide input to the ECU engine temperature conditions, a cold engine requires more fuel.
Inlet Air Temperature Sensor
Provide input to the ECU which will condition the air temperature going into the engine, cold air is more dense O2, requiring more fuel.
Inlet Air Pressure Sensor
Provide input to the ECU which will condition the air pressure going into the engine, the air pressure (in this type of motorcycle inlet upstream exist between the two headlights) O2 is denser, requires more fuel.
Atmospheric Pressure Sensors provide input to the ECU ambient air pressure conditions around motorcycles, the lowlands (coastal) O2 is denser, requires more fuel.
Crankshaft Sensor
Provide input to the ECU position and engine rotation speed, high torque requires open INJECTOR faster.
Camshaft Sensor
Provide input to the ECU engine positioning step, just a step that requires open INJECTOR suction.
Throttle Sensor
Provide input to the ECU position and magnitude of airflow openings, large openings require INJECTOR open longer.
Fuel Injector / Injector
Gate end of the fuel pressure, the main function of spraying fuel into the engine, opening and closing based on the order of ECU.
Speed Sensor
Provide input to the ECU motorcycle speed conditions, gas plays in red light than 90km/jam speed, open the different INJECTOR.
Vehicle-down Sensor
Provide input to the ECU motorcycle condition, if the bike fell to the living conditions of the engine then the ECU will stop working FUEL PUMP, IGNITION, INJECTOR, for security and safety.
Electronic Fuel Injection is superior to the carburetor, as it can adjust the dose of a standard engine needs fuel.
ECU is programmed to fit the standard engine condition motorcycle models, there is a table in the ECU fuel injector that will be sent through the appropriate standard machine conditions.
If there is a change from the standard conditions such as air filters replaced or removed, although no air pressure gauge (inlet air pressure sensor) Fuel supply only changed slightly, motorcycles will eventually run is not normal because of too much O2 (lean mixture).
Standard ECU tables usually can not be changed, because the EFI main goal is the reduction of toxic emissions.
Require modifications to engine modification tables in ECU, this can be done by:
1. Software that can be entered into the memory ECU - solely owned by car manufacturers or dealers.
2. Additional tools beyond Piggyback ECU - works by manipulating the signal sent to the injectors to open for longer.
3. Exchange aftermarket ECU which can be programmed her memory tables, appropriate modifications, under the conditions of the circuit.